DNA «ü¯¾Å³©w§Þ³N (DNA Fingerprinting)

DNA «ü¯¾Å³©w§Þ³N¬OAlec J. Jeffrey©M¤@¯Z¬ì¾Ç®a©ó1984¦~¦b­^°êLeicester¤j¾Ç¶}©lµo®iªº§Þ³N¡C·í®ÉAlec J. Jeffrey¥¿¦b¬ã²ß¦Ù¬õ³J¥Õ (Myoglobin)ªº°ò¦]¡C

¥Lµo²{³o¨Ç¦Ù¬õ³J¥Õªº°ò¦]¤¤¡A¦³¤@ºØDNA¤ù¬qªí­±¤W¬O¨S¦³¥ô¦ó¥\¯àªº¡C¨C­Ó¤HÅé©Î°Êª«Å餺³£¦³³oºØDNA¤ù¬q¡A¦ý¥¦­Ìªº¤j¤p©M¦¨¥÷³£¬O¤£¦Pªº¡C

Jeffrey ºÙ³o¨ÇDNA¤ù¬q¬°·L²ÓÀHÅé(Minisatellites)DNA¡A¦]¬°¥¦­Ì¬O¤@¨Ç«ÜµuªºDNA¡A¨Ã¥B¨£©ó©Ò¦³¯u®Ö¬V¦âÅ餤¡C

³o¨Ç·L²ÓÀHÅéDNAªº¼Æ¶q¤j¬ù¬O¤Ö©ó¾ã­Ó¤HÅéDNAªº¦Ê¤À¤§¤@¡C

DNA ±´¬dª«

Jeffrey±N³o¨Ç·L²ÓÀHÅéDNA¤ÀÂ÷¥X¨Ó¡C

ª`¤J²Ó­MÅ餺¶i¦æ¤j¶q½Æ»s¡A¨Ã±N½Æ»s¥X¨ÓªºDNA§Ç¦C¯Â¤Æ¡C

¥[¤W©ñ®g©Ê¦P¦ì¯À (Radioactive isotopes)¡A±q¦Ó»s³y¦X©yªºDNA±´¬dª« (Probes)¡C

¥D­nªºDNA«ü¯¾Å³©w§Þ³N¤èªk

­­¨î©ÊÂ_¤ùªø«×¦hºA²{¶H
Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP)

¦ìÂI¦hºA²{¶Hªº¨ä¤¤¤@­Ó¨Ò¤l :

1. ¤ÀÂ÷DNA
a. ±q¦å²G¡Nºë²G¡N¾v®Ú©Î³è²G¦¬¶°DNA¼Ë¥»¡C
b. ¼Ë¥»¤¤ªº­Ó§O²Ó­M³Q¥´¶}¡A¨Ã±q¤¤©â¨úDNA¡C(DNA´£¨ú§Þ³N)
c. §Q¥ÎPCR§Þ³N¡A´N¯à¤j¶q½Æ»sDNA¤ù¬q¡C
2. §Q¥Î­­¨î©Ê¤º¤ÁžJ¤Á³Î
(Cutting with restriction enzyme)
a. §Q¥Î­­¨î©Ê¤º¤ÁžJ±N¤ÀÂ÷¥X¨ÓªºDNA¤Á³Î¦¨²Ó¤pªº¤ù¬q¡C
b. §Î¦¨¤@¨t¦C¤£¦P¤j¤pªºDNAÂ_¤ù¡C
c. ¨Ó¦Û¤£¦P­ÓÅ骺·L²ÓÀHÅéDNA¡A¨ã¦³©Î¯Ê¥F¬Y¯S®í­­¨îžJ¤ÁÂIªº±¡§Î¡C ·L²ÓÀHÅéDNA¸g¸ÓžJ³B²z«á¡A¤ñ¸û©Ò±oÂ_¤ùªºªø«×¡A§Y¥iÀË´ú¦¹ºØ±¡§Î¡C
d. ¦¹¤D­­¨î©ÊÂ_¤ùªø«×¦hºA²{¶H(RFLPs)¡C
3. ¾®½¦¹qªa
(Gel electrophoresis)
a. ±NDNAÂ_¤ù©ñ¤Jã¯×¾®½¦ (Agarose gel)¡C
b. §âã¯×¾®½¦³q¹q¤@¬q®É¶¡¡C
c. DNAÂ_¤ùªº­t¹q²ü·|±qã¯×¾®½¦ªº­t¹q·¥¨«¦V¥¿¹q·¥¡C
d. ¸ûµuªºDNAÂ_¤ù·|¨«±o§Ö¤@ÂI©M»·¤@ÂI¡C
e. ¦]¦¹¡ADNAÂ_¤ù«K¥i¤ÀÂ÷¦¨­Ó§O¾î¯¾(Band)¡C
4. ¦L¸ñ§Þ³N
(Blotting)
a. ¸g¹qªa¤À¶}«á¯d¦bã¯×¾®½¦ªºDNAÂ_¤ù¡A·|³QÂಾ¨ì¤@­Ó¥§ÀsÅÖºûÂo½¤ (Nylon membrane) ¤W¡A¦A¦b¦¹¼hÅÖºûÂo½¤¤W¥[¤W¤@Å|§lÀã¯È (Paper towels)¡C
b. §lÀã¯È·|±Nã¯×¾®½¦ªº¤ô¥÷§l¨«¡ADNAÂ_¤ù·|Âಾ¨ì¥§ÀsÅÖºûÂo½¤ªºªí­±¡C
c. ±N¥§ÀsÅÖºûÂo½¤ªw®û (Soaking) ¤@±ß¡C
5. ¥[¤J±´¬dª«§@¬°ÀË´ú
(Probing)
a. ¥H¦³©ñ®g©Ê¦P¦ì¯ÀªºDNA±´¬dª«¨R¬~¦L¦³DNAÂ_¤ùªº¥§ÀsÅÖºûÂo½¤ªí ­±¡C
b. ¸ò±´¬dª«¤¬¸ÉªºDNAÂ_¤ù·|»P¥Ñ·L²ÓÀHÅéDNA©Ò³yªº±´¬dª«µ²¦X¡C
c. ¤j³¡¤À(¹L¦Ê¼Æ¶q)ªºDNAÂ_¤ù¤£¯à»PDNA±´¬dª«µ²¦X¡A¥u¦³¤Ö¶q¥i¥H¡C
6. DNA«ü¯¾
(DNA Fingerprinting)
a. ­n¬Ý¨ìDNA¾î¯¾ªº¼Ò¼Ë (Pattern of bands)¡A¬ã¨s­û¥ý±N¤@±iµáÛ«¤ù (Photographic film) ©ñ¦b¥§ÀsÅÖºûÂo½¤¤W­±¡C
b. ©ñ®g©Ê¦P¦ì¯À·|¼ÉÅεáÛ«¤ù¡A¨Ã§Î¦¨«pÁ¡¤£¤@ªº¶Â¦â¾î¯¾¡C
c. ³o¨Ç¶Â¦â¾î¯¾«K¬ODNA«ü¯¾¡C

ªø«×¦hºA²{¶Hªº¨ä¤¤¤@­Ó¨Ò¤l

1. ¤ÀÂ÷DNA

2. ¥ÎPCR±N¤@¬q¯S©wªºDNA¤ù¬q¤j¶q½Æ»s

3. ¥H¹qªa¤èªk±N½Æ»s¥X¨Óªº¤ù¬q¤À¶}

4. ±N¥H¤Wªº¤ù¬q§@¤ñ¸û

5. ¤£¦P¤Hªº¤ù¬q¼Ò¼Ë·|¦]¤£¦Pªºªø«×¦hºA²{¶H¦Ó¦³©Ò¤£¦P

DNA«ü¯¾Å³©w§Þ³NªºÀ³¥Î

­Ó¤H¨­¥÷Ų©w
- ¸o®×°»¬d
- ¤H¤f°O¿ý

¿ËÄÝÃö«YŲ©w
- ¿Ë¤l (¤÷ - Paternity) Ų©w
- ¿Ë¤l (¥À - Maternity) Ų©w
- ¯ª¤÷¥ÀÃö«Y (Grandparentage) Ų©w
- ¥S§Ì©n©fÃö«YŲ©w
- ¦ºªÌÃö«Y

°ò¦]§ï¨}°Ê´Óª«ªº¿ë»{

¤H¤f¬ã¨s¡A¨Ò¦p¥Á±Úªº¾E±p

®×¨Ò¤@¡J½Ö¬O¿Ë¥Í¤÷¿Ë¡H

¨à¤lªºDNA¾î¯¾ (C)¡A¥i¥H±q¥À (M) ©M¨k¤h (F2) ªº¾î¯¾¼Ò¼Ë¤º§ä¨ì¡A¦ý¦b¨k¤h(F1)«h§ä¤£¨ì¡C

©Ò¥HF2¤~¬O¸Ó¨à¤l(C) ªº¿Ë¥Í¤÷¿Ë¡C


®×¨Ò¤G¡J½Ö¬O®×¤¤ªº¥Ç¤H¡H

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¦æ¤G¡J¨ü®`ªÌ
¦æ¤T¡JÃÒª«
¦æ¥|¡JºÃ¥Ç¤@
¦æ¤­¡JºÃ¥Ç¤G

µýª«¤¤ªºDNA¼Ò¼Ë»PºÃ¥Ç¤GªºDNA¼Ò¼Ë¬Û¦P¡C

©Ò¥HºÃ¥Ç¤G¬O®×¤¤ªº¥Ç¤H¡C

 

°Ñ¦Òºô¯¸
1. DNA «ü¯¾Å³©wªA°È
(http://www.geneprolab.com)
2. ¿Ë¤lŲ©w°Ý»Pµª (http://www.geneticid.com/we01001.htm)
3. «ç¼Ë§ä¥X¯uºÃ¥û (http://www.faseb.org/genetics/gsa/careers/bro-05.htm)
4. ªk®x¤ºªºDNA«ü¯¾Å³©w (http://library.thinkquest.org/19037/court.html)

 

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